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The large scale, production-line automobile manufacturing affordable debuted by Ransom Olds at his Oldsmobile factory in 1902. This concept has been greatly expanded by Henry Ford, from 1914.
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As a result, Ford's cars came out of the line in fifteen minute intervals, much faster than previous methods productivity increased eight times (requiring 12.5 hours-man before, 1 hour 33 minutes later), while using less manpower. [13] was such a success, paint became a bottleneck. Only Japan black dries fast enough, forcing the company to drop the variety of colors available before 1914, until The fast-drying Duco lacquer was developed in 1926. This is the source of Ford's apocryphal remark, "any color as long as it is black." [13] In 1914, an assembly line worker could buy a Model T with four months' pay [13].
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Portrait of Henry Ford (ca. 1919)
security complex procedures, especially assigning each worker to a location Ford specific rather than allowing them to roam, dramatically reduces injury rates. The combination of high wages and high efficiency is called "Fordism" and was copied by most major industries.
The efficiency gains from the assembly line also coincided with the economic boom of the United States. The assembly line forced workers to work at a given pace with very repetitive motions which led to increased output per worker while other countries were using methods less productive.
In the automotive industry, its success was dominating, and quickly spread throughout the world and the founding of Ford France Ford and Britain in 1911, Ford Denmark 1923, Ford Germany 1925; in 1921, Citroen was the first native European manufacturer to adopt the method of production. Soon, companies had to have assembly lines, or the risk of bankruptcy in 1930, 250 companies that had disappeared. [13]
The development of automotive technology was rapid, due in part to the hundreds of small manufacturers competing to attract the attention of the world. most important events were electrically ignited and the electric starter (both by Charles Kettering, the Cadillac Motor Company in 1910-1911), independent suspension and four-wheel brakes.
Ford Model T, 1927, considered the first affordable American automobile
Since the 1920s, nearly all cars have been mass produced to meet market needs, so marketing plans have often heavily influenced automobile design. It was Alfred P. Sloan who established the idea of the different brands of cars produced by one company, so buyers could "move up" as their fortunes improved.
Reflecting the rapid change, makes the rooms to share with others what larger production volume resulted in lower costs for each price range. For example, in the 1930s, LaSalle, sold by Cadillac, used cheaper mechanical parts made by Oldsmobile in the 1950s, Chevrolet shared hood, doors, roof and windows with Pontiac, by the 1990s, corporate broadcasts and shared platforms (with interchangeable brakes, suspension and other parts) were common. Even so, only the major producers could afford high costs, and even companies with decades of production, such as Apperson, Cole, Dorris, Haynes, or first class, could not manage: of some two hundred American car manufacturers existing in 1920, only 43 survived in 1930, and the Great Depression in 1940 only 17 of them were left [13].
In Europe the same thing would happen. Morris set up its production line at Cowley in 1924, and soon overtook Ford while from 1923 to follow Ford's practice of vertical integration, buying Hotchkiss (engines), Wrigley (gearboxes), and Osberton (radiators) For example, as well as competitors such as Wolseley: in 1925, Morris had 41% of total British car. Most British cars small assemblers, from Abbey Xtra had gone under. Citroen did the same in France, coming to cars in 1919, and between them and other cheap cars in response As Renault and Peugeot 10hp 5CV, which produced 550 000 cars in 1925, and Mors, Hurtu, and others could not compete. [13 of Germany first] car manufacturing mass Laubfrosch the Opel 4PS (Frog), came off the line in Rüsselsheim in 1924, soon making Opel the top car builder in Germany, with 37.5% market share [13].
See also: Automotive industry About the Author
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